Here is my comment and my comment comes from a Labrador retriever trainer’s point of view that knows little to nothing about upland dog training. However both types of dogs will be trained following proven sequences and will be conditioned to meet those standards of the sequences…
To my point… The word/term that you will hear throughout the retriever’s life from puppy to retirement is BALANCE (a crude summary; if the dog is too wild on retrieves than more obedience is needed and the opposite is true, if the dog is not wild to retrieve than less obedience and more retrieves again a very crude description).
So I would like to believe that your scenario will have a negative impact on the dog short term. Meaning if your dog is conditioned to point, then retrieve in a high excitement environment like actual hunting and it is being denied the retrieve due to not killing birds (happens to us all) than yes I believe it will affect the dog negatively and balance is needed.
Like I said before I know little about upland dog training and I can only offer up a simple suggestion for the balance aspect. That would be throw a bird for the dog to complete the retrieve or duplicate the scenario in training guaranteeing the retrieve. Again this is very crude advice…
I suppose if my hunting lab was repeatedly denied retrieves in the marsh due to my lack of aim and I demanded everything of him while he sat steady. Then I promise you I would throw a simple bumper back at the truck or guarantee success when training the following day.