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Hornady Critical Defence 12 gauge 00 Buck 2 3/4" buckshot pattern best out of my shotgun. Anything within 20 meters is dead.
Pattern test your load. Use 12” tin pizza pans. Once your pattern stops ripping them apart you have reached your range limit. Problem is many can’t judge range, especially with a deer bouncing by. I have hunted many tree stands where buckshot would have been very effective. Sounds like you have a slug barrel which are designed for slugs. I would stick with that.
Here's a test done by Ontario Out of Doors Hunting: Bruce Ranta.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnZjW3LX1Sg
I love how in the magazine they claimed that the best choke in all situations was the full choke but when they show the evidence of hits for the Federal Controlled Wad are better with the Improved and Modified.
There is so much proof that people actually need to shoot their guns, it is a crazy concept, but the idea of patterning has been out there for a long time and no one ammo is good for every gun.
As to poor range estimation, just only use buckshot where you have a restriction that limits that range to an ethical range. If you can only see a deer out to 25-30 yards then there is no way you can shoot at a deer at 50 yards, pretty simple, it is one that I used when hunting with a traditional bow, my stand was on a logging road, the only area not filled with trees was a strip 10 yards in front of me, if they walked down that road they were toast, outside of that an arrow would not have made it through the crap.
If its only good to 30 yards or whatever why not just use slugs. One huge hole. Will never agree with throwing shot at a deer. Too many horror stories ive witnessed first hand with my old mans deer crew. Slugs are way more effective on average. Even with a poorly placed slug you have a much better chance at recovery than with buckshot.
How so? An arrow has one broadhead. Not 8-12. I understand a few can use it effectively. But far more cannot. Everybody says inside 30 yards? If its that close why not drill it with a slug??? Less damage to meat. One projectile, 1 hole better blood trail for your best chance for a fast humane kill and recovery.