" The founding prime minister of Canada, John A. Macdonald, and his successor, Alexander Mackenzie, who passed the Indian Act in 1876, both aimed to protect Natives from dishonest whites and to assist them in becoming educated and self-sufficient farmers with a stable, post-nomadic residential livelihood. Macdonald gave them the right to vote. There was a series of revisions to the Indian Act and 11 sequential treaties, and in 1920, school attendance was deemed compulsory for Indigenous children between the ages of seven and 15. These weren’t perfect solutions, and the residential school system did end up causing real harm to many people, but nor were they the malign plans of evil men."
"In 1968, Pierre Trudeau’s government produced a white paper on Indian policy, which denounced the “different status” afforded to First Nations as leading to “a blind alley of deprivation and frustration.” The paper called for the outright integration and the dissolution of the Department of Indian Affairs, for the repeal of the Indian Act, for the existing treaties to be “equitably ended” and for the Crown to divest itself of reserve lands and transfer control to First Nations. Somewhat like the French-Canadians responding to the Durham Report’s advocacy of the assimilation of French-Canadians in 1840, the Natives redoubled their agitation for distinctive status and demanded radical improvements in their living standards and separation from, rather than integration into, the larger society of Canada. Trudeau executed a U-turn and, in the Constitution Act, 1982, the existing treaty rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada were “recognized and affirmed.”
"In the words of Alberta conservative political scientist Tom Flanagan, “Canada will be redefined as a multinational state embracing an archipelago of Aboriginal nations that own a third of Canada’s land mass, are immune from federal and provincial taxation, are supported by transfer payments from citizens who do pay taxes, are able to opt out of federal and provincial legislation and engage in ‘nation to nation’ diplomacy with whatever is left of Canada.”
https://nationalpost.com/opinion/conrad-black-7