Ontario Conservation Officers have the authority of an OPP officer only within the boundaries of a Provincial Park. When the leave the park they still have an extensive list of powers and authorities - but no longer have the authority of a police officer. A Park Warden, the unarmed, seasonal cousin of the Conservation Officer, has police authority only within park boundaries and citizen powers of arrest beyond that.
You may, on occasion, run across a Park Warden who also has a Deputy Conservation Officer (DCO) designation. That scenario is the same as the Conservation Officer, where they lose the police authority outside park boundaries and have powers and authorities similar to a Conservation Officer. The DCO has authority outside the park, but will not be permitted to exercise those authorities, by policy, unless accompanied by a Conservation Officer.
To answer your second question, Conservation Officers could theoretically enforce the Liquor Licence Act, Mental Heath Act, Highway Traffic Act, Trespass to Property Act, Criminal Code or the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act while in a Provincial Park. Outside park boundaries they enforce a multitude of federal and provincial statutes that fall within their mandate. The authority to enforce the LLA, anywhere in the Province, was implemented as a public safety measure.
A Conservation Officer (CO) is a "full" peace officer anywhere within the Province of Ontario. They are appointed under the authority of the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act. In addition, they are class designated as Federal Fishery Officers under the Fisheries Act (Canada) and as Federal Game Officers under the Migratory Birds Convention Act (Canada).
They enforce numerous federal and provincial statutes which relate to natural resources such as: the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act; Fisheries Act (Canada); Migratory Birds Convention Act (Canada); Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act; Lakes and Rivers Improvement Act; Aggregate Resources Act; Forest Fires Prevention Act; Crown Forest Sustainability Act; Off-Road Vehicles Act; Motorized Snow Vehicles Act; Small Vessel Regulations under the Canada Shipping Act (Canada) and have limited authority to enforce certain sections of the Liquor Licence Act.
CO's, when patrolling
OUTSIDE of a Provincial Park are peace officers
not police officers. They have no blanket police officer authority because there is no legislation that says CO's are police officers in and for the Province of Ontario.
CO's when patrolling
INSIDE a Provincial Park have "full" police officer authority. They get this from the Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves Act, 2006, S.O. 2006, c. 12, Section 37. That section states a Conservation Officer has all the power and authority of a member of the Ontario Provincial Police within a provincial park or conservation reserve. He or she may be wearing a green uniform but in the eyes of the law,
INSIDE a Provincial Park they are considered to be police officers which means they can enforce any federal or provincial statute.
I said in my earlier post that CO's can theoretically enforce,
INSIDE a Provincial Park, the Highway Traffic Act and Controlled Drugs and Substances Act etc.. That was a poor choice of words - my apologies. They can enforce those statutes but in practice most officers don't. Most CO's are too busy with other tasks to routinely do parks enforcement.
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